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Indian Union covers an area of about 3,267,500 square kilometres
and stretches from
This vast region has a diverse climate, thus, a great variation in physical, climatical conditions and consequently, in the character of vegetation. Such environmental conditions have greatly influenced the character of wildlife because of its geographical position. The wildlife of India comprises of numerous representatives of Malayan, north and west-Asian, European and African Fauna. India has a unique fauna and excels in the range and diversity of its wildlife. There are over 500 species of mammals, 2,060 species of birds. 748 species of reptiles and 30,000 species of insects. To preserve its unique wildlife, India has created 11 National Parks and 135 Sanctuaries in the country, covering a total area of 26,000 sq. km.
Some
of India's best birdwatching venues in northern India include
Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary, Keoladeo (Bharatpur) Bird Sanctuary
and Corbett National ParkSariska wildlife Sanctuary is part of the Project Tiger. The Sanctuary extends over an area of 800 sq. kms, and has a wide spectrum and rich population of wildlife. A rich avifauna of more than 200 species of birds, which inlucdes Babbler (Common, Jungle & Large Grey). Black/Red Headed Bunting. Little Brown Dove, Crested Serpent Eagle, Pale Harrier, Gray Hombill, White Breasted Kingfisher, Small Minivet, Golden Oriole, Great Gray Shrike, Tailor Bird, Wryneck Woodpecker and many more, makes it an ideal place for birdwatching. ![]() Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary, better known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, is considered the best bird marsh in the world. It has 28.73 square kms of marsh, woodland and scrub. It is also described as "one of the most magical places for bird watching on earth" featuring both nesting indigenous as well as migratory water birds. It is a big shallow lake divided by various roads and dykes into smaller compartments, depth no where exceeding 2.5 metres. More than 330 species have already been identified. Local birds such as Painted Storks, Open Bill Storks, Spoonbills, Cormorants, Darters, Ibises, Moorhen, Pheasant - tailed Jacana, Purple Coot, White-breasted Waterhen, Paddy Bird, Night Heron, Comb Duck (Nukta) and Dabchick, begin nesting when the rains are about to start. Migratory birds start arriving in October which include a variety of Ducks, Geese, Raptors, Waders, Warblers and Cranes (including the Siberian Crane, of which there are about only 350 birds in the world and the Sanctuary is the wintering ground for about 52 such Cranes.
Corbett is regarded as one of the true bird parks of the world. Out of the 2,060 species and subspecies recorded in the Indian subcontinent, over 600 species subspecies of birds have been recorded from Corbett at one time or another. This number is greater than the total number of species found in Europe and represents around one fourth of the avilauca diversity found in India. Out of the 69 species of raptors found in India, 49 can beseen in Corbett making it a striking element of the local avifauna. The reserve which covers 520 sq. kms. is no less than a paradise for birdwatchers. European birdwatchers are some of the keenest visitors to the reserve during winters when the bird diversity is at its peak.
Birds
which can be spotted at the banks of River Ramganga on the
outskirts of Corbett Park which includes Brown Fish Owl,
Himalayan Kingfisher, Brown Dipper and Plumbeous,White-Capped
Redstarts. One can also see Little Staty, backed Forktails and
Mountain Rufousbellied Hawk-Eagles here. Inside Corbett Park,
Blue Whistling Thrush and Red Jungle Fowl are immediate
possibilities. But with some efforts one can spot Oriental
White-eye, Jungle Owlet, Alexandrine Parakeet, Himalayan Swiftlet,
Lesser Fish-Eagle or even Great Thick-knee, Stork-billed
Kingfisher and many more. Mammals include Tiger, Indian Elephant,
Chital, Sambhar, Muntjack (Barking Deer), Hog Deer and Common
Langur.
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